9. 分詞

9.1 分詞作定語

　分詞前置　
　We can see the rising sun. 我們可以看到東升的旭日
　He is a retired worker.　 他是位退休的工人
　
　分詞后置 (i分詞詞組；ii 個(gè)別分詞如given, left； iii 修飾不定代詞 something等)
　There was a girl sitting there.　有個(gè)女孩坐在那里
　This is the question given.　　 這是所給的問題
　There is nothing interesting.　 沒有有趣的東西

　過去分詞作定語
　與其修飾的詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定語從句。
　Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
　Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.

典型例題
　 1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.　
A. have written　 B. to be written　 C. being written　 D. written
答案D. 書與寫作是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞做定語表被動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于定語從句 which is written
　
　 2）What's the language ____ in Germany?　
A. speaking　　B. spoken　　 C. be spoken　　D. to speak
答案B. 主語language與謂語動(dòng)詞之間有被動(dòng)的含義。
　 spoken是動(dòng)詞speak的過去分詞形式，在句中作定語，修飾主語language, spoken 與 language有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。該句可以理解為：
What's the language (which is) spoken in German?