商務(wù)英語(yǔ)合同的句子特點(diǎn)

商務(wù)英語(yǔ)合同的句子特點(diǎn)

1　常用復(fù)合句等長(zhǎng)句

合同是具有法律效力的公文，因此在撰寫(xiě)合同時(shí)希望提供的信息完整、嚴(yán)密，不讓讀者曲解、誤讀。對(duì)某些具有法律性的概念成立的條件限定很多，繼而對(duì)中心詞的限制也較多，所以在商務(wù)合同中長(zhǎng)句較多，短句偏少。

例如：

Questions concerning matters governed by this convention which are not expressly settled in it are to be settled in conformity with the general principles on which it is based or, in the absence of such principles, in conformity with the law applicable by virus of the rules of private international law.（主從復(fù)合句）

Where a foreigner or enterprise applies for trademark registration in China, the matter shall be handled in acceptance with any agreement concluded between the country to which the applicant belongs and the People's Republic of China, or on the basis of the principle of reciprocity.（綜合復(fù)雜句）

2　句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整

在商務(wù)合同中一般采用主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)都具備的完整句，通常不使用省略句，以免造成因省略或句子缺省而出現(xiàn)歧義、意義歪曲。

例如：

The WTO Secretariat shall transmit to the International Bureau, free of charge, a copy of the laws and regulations received by the WTO Secretariat from WTO Members under Article 63.2 of the TRIPS Agreement in the language or languages and in the form or forms in which they were received, and the International Bureau shall place such copies in its collection.

3　多個(gè)句式表達(dá)一個(gè)法律含義

商務(wù)合同中廣泛存在一個(gè)法律含義多個(gè)句式表達(dá)的現(xiàn)象。

例如：

除if之外，可以用來(lái)表達(dá)“假如”、“如果”含義的，還有if and whenever，in the event that/in the event of，where，should，in case/in case of，on condition that/on the conditions that，insofar as/in so far as等。

關(guān)于表達(dá)“有權(quán)做”的，有may do，shall/will have the right to do，shall have the right (but not obligation) to do，be entitled to sth.，be entitled to do，reserve the right to do，be (duly) authorized to do，have the authority to do，do sth. at one's option，be at liberty to do，sth. rests with sb. to do等。

在英語(yǔ)商務(wù)合同中表達(dá)“應(yīng)當(dāng)做”的也很多，如：shall do，have the legal obligation to do，be obliged to do，be under the obligation for/to do，shall be liable to do，be responsible to do，be required to do，be one's account/responsibility等。

4　語(yǔ)序特別，頻繁使用倒裝語(yǔ)序

商務(wù)合同中的倒裝主要體現(xiàn)在否定提前和省略if的句子中。例句：

Nothing in Article 12.3 shall prevent Party A or any of its affiliation from continuing to carry on any of their present businesses.（否定提前）

Should Company at its sole option elect to further investigate the validity of Contractor's proposal, Company shall advise Contractor in writing accordingly.（省略if的句子）

5　現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)代替將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，因此將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的使用較少

雖然合同的條款很多都是規(guī)定將來(lái)的事項(xiàng)，但是在習(xí)慣上已使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)為原則。

例如：

Licensee may terminate this Contract 60 days after a written notice thereof is sent to Licensor upon the happening of one of the following events:

a. Licensor becomes insolvent or a liquidator of Licensor is appointed;

b. The patent described in Article 2 is not issued within 30 days from signing this Contract;

c. Licensor fails to perform its obligations under this Contact.

6　習(xí)慣用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而較少使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的目的就是為了突出合同條文的客觀性、原則性和效力性。試比較下列兩個(gè)句子：

①The rules and regulations of the work-site shall be observed by workers.

②Workers shall observe the rules and regulations of the work-site.

比較發(fā)現(xiàn)，這兩句的意思雖然一樣，但是看其表達(dá)方式卻有差異，主語(yǔ)不一樣，強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分就不一樣，（1）句強(qiáng)調(diào)“規(guī)則”的遵守，（2）句強(qiáng)調(diào)“員工”的義務(wù)事項(xiàng)。

7　使用插入語(yǔ)使意思表達(dá)得更清楚更完整

在商務(wù)英語(yǔ)合同中，較多的使用插入語(yǔ)，對(duì)句子內(nèi)容作必要的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，或者在不影響句子意思的情況下對(duì)某些成分加以強(qiáng)調(diào)。

例如：

The buyer must, whenever he is entitled to determine the time for shipping the goods and/or the port of destination, give the sufficient notice thereof.

The seller must, subject to the provisions of B6,pay, where applicable,the cost resulting from A3.（句中劃線部分都為插入成分）

8　常用直接表達(dá)，少用間接表達(dá)

在合同中規(guī)定權(quán)利、義務(wù)和其他事項(xiàng)時(shí)，經(jīng)常采用直接表達(dá)方式，這樣才顯得更直接、簡(jiǎn)潔?？聪旅鎯蓚€(gè)句子：

(1) All persons, except those who are 60 years old or order, may be employed by this enterprise.（間接表達(dá)）

(2) All persons who are less than 60 years old may be employed by this enterprise.（直接表達(dá)）

9　基本句式為陳述句

合同是用來(lái)確定雙方當(dāng)事人的法律關(guān)系，規(guī)定雙方當(dāng)事人權(quán)利和義務(wù)的法律性質(zhì)的公文，因此為了突出其法律特性，在草擬時(shí)習(xí)慣采用陳述句。

All members shall give the United Nations every assistance to any action it takes in accordance with the present Chapter, and shall refrain from giving assistance to any state which the United Nations is taking preventive or enforcement action.

10　盡量使用對(duì)句

英語(yǔ)商務(wù)合同中句子中還有一大特點(diǎn)就是盡量使用結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)等的句式，顯示句子結(jié)構(gòu)的層次感和句式對(duì)等，特別是在長(zhǎng)句中體現(xiàn)句子良好的節(jié)奏感，讓合同語(yǔ)言文字工整、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。

例如：

Due to its nature, EQUIPMENT shall be held in MANUFACTURER premises at ABC Co., Ltd, 3, Xinghua Yizhi Road, Xiqing Economic Development Zone, Tianjin, 300381 P. R China as to be further used in the manufacture of PRODUCTS. The parties herein agree that, with no cost to PURCHASER, MANUFACTURER shall hold the EQUIPMENT free from risks, losses and encumbrances and shall also keep equipment in good operating condition as to be further returned to PURCHASER when requested．句中結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)等的短語(yǔ)使句子層次鮮明、節(jié)奏感強(qiáng)。