英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)精選內(nèi)容：智力的決定因素

英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)是提升英語(yǔ)能力不可或缺的環(huán)節(jié)。通過深入的閱讀練習(xí)，我們不僅能夠錘煉語(yǔ)言技巧，還能有效擴(kuò)充四級(jí)考試的詞匯庫(kù)，進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的理解。這種綜合性的學(xué)習(xí)方式，無疑為全面提升英語(yǔ)水平打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。以下，我們將以一篇智力的決定因素的文章為例，進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)。

英文原文

There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably , some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual— the sort of environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped(不利) environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.

有兩個(gè)因素決定了一個(gè)人的智力。第一個(gè)因素是他天生所擁有的大腦類型。人類的大腦差異很大，有些大腦比其他大腦更有能力。但是，無論一個(gè)人一開始擁有多么好的大腦，除非他有機(jī)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)，否則他的智力水平會(huì)很低。所以第二個(gè)因素是個(gè)體所經(jīng)歷的事情——也就是他成長(zhǎng)的環(huán)境。如果一個(gè)人在環(huán)境方面處于不利地位，那么他的大腦很可能無法充分發(fā)育，他也永遠(yuǎn)無法達(dá)到他原本能夠達(dá)到的智力水平。

The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster(撫養(yǎng)) homes. Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I. Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.

環(huán)境在決定個(gè)人智力方面的重要性可以通過一對(duì)同卵雙胞胎彼得和馬克的案例來證明。因?yàn)槭峭央p胞胎，他們出生時(shí)大腦完全相同，而且他們的成長(zhǎng)過程也相同。當(dāng)這對(duì)雙胞胎三個(gè)月大時(shí)，他們的父母去世了，他們被分別安置在不同的寄養(yǎng)家庭。彼得是由一對(duì)智力低下的父母在一個(gè)與世隔絕、教育機(jī)會(huì)匱乏的社區(qū)撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大的。馬克則是在一對(duì)上過大學(xué)的富裕父母的家中長(zhǎng)大的。他從小就有人給他讀書，被送到好學(xué)校，并得到了各種智力上的刺激機(jī)會(huì)。這種環(huán)境差異一直持續(xù)到這對(duì)雙胞胎十幾歲后期，那時(shí)他們接受了智力測(cè)試。馬克的智商是125，比平均水平高出25分，比他的同卵兄弟高出整整40分。如果給予這對(duì)雙胞胎相同的機(jī)會(huì)，由于他們大腦相同，他們的智力測(cè)試結(jié)果應(yīng)該大致相同。

問題

1.This selection can best be titled _______.

A. Measuring Your Intelligence.

B. Intelligence and Environment.

C. The Case of Peter and Mark.

D. How the Brain Influences Intelligence.

2.The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that _______.

A. human brains differ considerably.

B. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence.

C. environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligence.

D. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence.

3.According to the passage, the average I. Q. is _______.

A. 85

B. 100

C. 110

D. 125

4.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.

A. individuals with identical brains seldom test at the same level.

B. an individual's intelligence is determined only by his environment.

C. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence.

D. changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain.

5.This passage suggests that an individual's I. Q. _______.

A. can be predicted at birth.

B. stays the same throughout his life.

C. can be increased by education.

D. is determined by his childhood.

答案解析

1.答案：B

解析：文章開篇指出決定一個(gè)人智力的兩個(gè)因素，一是天生的大腦，二是成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境，接著通過同卵雙胞胎在不同環(huán)境下的智力發(fā)展差異來強(qiáng)調(diào)環(huán)境對(duì)智力的影響，所以最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)是“智力與環(huán)境”，B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“測(cè)量你的智力”并非文章重點(diǎn)；C選項(xiàng)“彼得和馬克的案例”只是用來論證觀點(diǎn)的例子，不是標(biāo)題；D選項(xiàng)“大腦如何影響智力”沒有全面涵蓋文章關(guān)于環(huán)境對(duì)智力影響的內(nèi)容。

2.答案：C

解析：文章重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)了環(huán)境對(duì)個(gè)人智力的決定性作用，通過同卵雙胞胎在不同環(huán)境下智力發(fā)展不同的例子來證明，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“人類大腦差異很大”只是文章提到的一個(gè)方面，不是主旨；B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人天生的大腦在決定其智力方面很重要”只是其中一個(gè)因素，不是主旨；D選項(xiàng)“大腦相同的人智力大致相同”與文章中因環(huán)境不同導(dǎo)致智力不同的觀點(diǎn)相悖。

3.答案：B

解析：根據(jù)文中“Mark's I. Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average”（馬克的智商是125，比平均水平高出25分），可計(jì)算出平均智商是100，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.答案：C

解析：文章通過同卵雙胞胎在不同環(huán)境下智力發(fā)展不同的例子，說明缺乏學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)等不利環(huán)境會(huì)阻礙智力的增長(zhǎng)，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“大腦相同的人很少測(cè)試出相同的智力水平”不是案例要支持的結(jié)論，案例重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)環(huán)境的影響；B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人的智力僅由其環(huán)境決定”說法過于絕對(duì)，文章還提到了大腦這個(gè)因素；D選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境的變化會(huì)導(dǎo)致大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的變化”文章未提及。

5.答案：C

解析：文章強(qiáng)調(diào)了環(huán)境（包括教育機(jī)會(huì)等）對(duì)智力的影響，說明通過教育等改善環(huán)境可以增加智力，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“出生時(shí)就可以預(yù)測(cè)”與文章強(qiáng)調(diào)環(huán)境影響智力的觀點(diǎn)不符；B選項(xiàng)“一生都保持不變”錯(cuò)誤，文章表明環(huán)境會(huì)改變智力；D選項(xiàng)“由他的童年決定”過于絕對(duì)，童年環(huán)境只是影響智力的一個(gè)階段因素。

以上就是英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)：智力的決定因素的文章示例，希望這些練習(xí)能夠成為你英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)路上的得力助手，助你輕松應(yīng)對(duì)四級(jí)考試！