雅思聽(tīng)力對(duì)話：鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的季節(jié)性遷徙02
雅思聽(tīng)力在考試中占據(jù)著重要的地位，時(shí)常用聽(tīng)力材料來(lái)磨耳朵可以不斷鞏固大腦的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言能力。以下是雅思聽(tīng)力材料，您可以結(jié)合MP3和下方的原文及翻譯進(jìn)行聽(tīng)力學(xué)習(xí)。
聽(tīng)力原文及翻譯
One of the key moments in the development of migration theory came in 1822, when a white stork was shot in Germany. This particular stork made history because of the long spear in its neck, which incredibly had not killed it. Everyone immediately realized this spear was definitely not European; it turned out to be a spear from a tribe in Central Africa.
1822年，一只白鸛在德國(guó)被射殺，這是遷徙理論發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻之一。這只鸛因脖子上插著一根長(zhǎng)矛而載入史冊(cè)，但令人驚奇的是，這根長(zhǎng)矛并沒(méi)有殺死它。每個(gè)人都立即意識(shí)到這根長(zhǎng)矛絕對(duì)不是歐洲的；原來(lái)是來(lái)自中非一個(gè)部落的長(zhǎng)矛。
This was a truly defining moment in the history of ornithology, because it was the first evidence that storks spend their winters in sub-Saharan Africa. You can still see the arrow stalk in the zoological collection of the University of Rostock in Germany. People gradually became aware that European birds moved south in autumn and north in summer, but didn't know much about it until the practice of catching birds and putting rings on their legs became established.
這是鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)學(xué)歷史上真正具有決定性意義的時(shí)刻，因?yàn)樗躯X在撒哈拉以南非洲過(guò)冬的第一個(gè)證據(jù)。你仍然可以在德國(guó)羅斯托克大學(xué)的動(dòng)物學(xué)收藏中看到這根箭柄。人們逐漸意識(shí)到歐洲鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)在秋天向南遷徙，夏天向北遷徙，但直到捕捉鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)并在它們腿上戴環(huán)的習(xí)俗形成后，人們才對(duì)此有了更多的了解。
Before this, very little information was available about the actual destinations of particular species and how they traveled there. People speculated that larger birds provided a kind of taxi service for smaller birds, by carrying them on their backs. This idea came about because it seemed impossible that small birds weighing only a few grams could fly over vast oceans.
在此之前，關(guān)于特定物種的實(shí)際目的地以及它們?nèi)绾蔚竭_(dá)那里的信息非常少。人們推測(cè)，較大的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)通過(guò)將較小的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)背在背上，為較小的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)提供了一種出租車(chē)服務(wù)。這個(gè)想法的產(chǎn)生是因?yàn)轶w重只有幾克的小鳥(niǎo)似乎不可能飛越浩瀚的海洋。
This idea was supported by observations of bird behavior, such as the harassment of larger birds by smaller birds. The development of bird ringing by a Danish schoolteacher, Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen, made many discoveries possible. This is still common practice today and relies upon what is known as recovery – this is when ringed birds are found dead in the place they have migrated to and identified.
這個(gè)想法得到了鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)行為觀察的支持，例如小鳥(niǎo)騷擾大鳥(niǎo)。丹麥教師 Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen 發(fā)明了鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)環(huán)志，使許多發(fā)現(xiàn)成為可能。這在今天仍然是常見(jiàn)的做法，依賴(lài)于所謂的恢復(fù)——即在它們遷徙到的地方發(fā)現(xiàn)被環(huán)志的鳥(niǎo)死亡并被確認(rèn)身份。
Huge amounts of data were gathered in the early part of the 20th century, and for the first time in history, people understood where birds actually went to in winter. In 1931, an atlas was published showing where the most common species of European birds migrated to.
20 世紀(jì)初期收集了大量數(shù)據(jù)，人們有史以來(lái)第一次了解了鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)在冬天實(shí)際上去了哪里。1931年，出版了一本地圖集，展示了最常見(jiàn)的歐洲鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)遷徙到哪里。
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