走進劍橋大學 第1期:追溯劍橋

Established in 1209 the University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University, or simply Cambridge) is the second oldest university in England. The university was formed, early records suggest, in 1209 by scholars leaving Oxford after a dispute with the townsfolks there. The two "ancient universities" have many common features and are often jointly referred to as Oxbridge. In addition to cultural and practical associations as a htstoric part of British society, the two universities also have a long history of rivalry with each other.

建立于1209年,劍橋大學(有時被簡稱為劍橋)是除了牛津大學以外，英國歷史最悠久的大學。 根據(jù)記載，劍橋大學成立于1209年，最早是由一批為躲避毆斗而從牛津大學逃離來的學者們建立的。劍橋大學和牛津大學這兩所歷史悠久的大學因為具有許多共同特點，常常被合稱為“牛橋”。作為英國社會歷史的一部分，劍橋大學和牛津大學在文化以及實踐方面有著許多合作，但除此之外，這兩所學校之間同樣存在著曠日持久的競爭。

Academically，Cambridge is consistently ranked in the world's top five universities and the leading university in Europe by numerous media and academic rankings. The University's alumni include 85 Nobel Laureates as of 2009.The University is a member of the Russell Group of research-led British universities. The history of the University of Cambridge could trace its origin to a crime committed in 1209. Although not always a reliable source, the detail given in contemporaneous writings lends them credence.

從學術成就上來說，在眾多媒體和學術機構的排名中，劍橋大學穩(wěn)居全球排名前五位，同時它也是歐洲各所大學的領頭羊。截止至2009年，劍橋大學一共培養(yǎng)了85位諾貝爾獎得主。劍橋大學還是英國名 校聯(lián)盟“羅素大學集團”的成員。劍橋大學的歷史可追溯到1209年的一起刑事案件上。盡管信息來源并不十分可靠，但從相關資料來看，這一說法還是有一定可信度的。

Two Oxford scholars were convicted of the murder or manslaughter of a woman and were hanged by the town authorities with the assent of King John. In protest at the hanging, the University of Oxford went into voluntary suspension，and scholars migrated to a number of other locations, including the pre-existing school at Cambridge (Cambridge had been recorded as a "school" rather than as a university when John Grim held the office of Master there in 1201). These exiled Oxford scholars (post-graduate researchers by present day terminology) started Cambridge’s life as a university in 1209.

牛津大學的兩名學者因被控蓄意謀殺一名婦女，在獲得當時的國王約翰的許可后，被牛津當局處以絞刑。為了抗議這一行為，牛津大學開始了罷課，許多學者開始移居其他地方，其中就包括了劍橋學校即劍橋大學的前身。(1201年約翰格林擔任校長時，劍橋僅僅被稱為一所“學校”，而非“大學”)。這些流亡的牛津學者，在1209年將劍橋學校變成了劍橋大學，賦予了其新的生命力。用今天的標準來看，他們就是一批碩士研究生。

Cambridge is a collegiat university, meaning that it is made up of self-governing and independent colleges, each with its own property and income. Most colleges bring together academics and students from a broad range of disciplines.

這所學校是一所學院式大學，由獨立管理和獨立發(fā)展的學院構成，每所學院都擁有自己獨立的財產(chǎn)和收入，招收來自各專業(yè)的學生。

Sustaining a world-class university demands investment in new facilities, new areas of study, and most importantly, in people; continued fundraising efforts and innovative partnershipswill be vital. The University celebrated its 800th anniversary in 2009, marking thelegacy of eight centuries and determined to remain among the world's greatest universities.

要想維持世界一流大學的水準，需要不斷地對設備、研究領域，特別是人力資源方面進行投資。因此，持續(xù)為劍橋大學募集資金，開拓新的合作關系就變得尤為重要了。2009年是劍橋大學建校800周年，在向世界展示了它在8個世紀里所取得的成就之后，劍橋大學決心繼續(xù)為保持世界一流大學水平而不斷努力。